2023年John Locke竞赛题目汇总！有这些变化你要知道！

Philosophy 哲学

A team of scientists wants to discover how many genders there are. How should they proceed?

一个科学家小组想要探索有多少种性别。他们应该如何进行?

In what sense are you the same person today that you were when you were ten?

从何种意义上来说，今天的你和十岁时的你是同一个人? 

Is tax theft?

税收算不算一种偷窃?

Do the results of elections express the will of the people?

选举结果是否表达了人民的意愿?

If China becomes the leading superpower, what would that mean for the people who live there? What would it mean for everyone else?

如果中国成为主要的超级大国，这对生活在中国的人们意味着什么?这对生活在其他地区的人又意味着什么?

What might account for the different levels of political corruption in your own country and your country's nearest neighbour?

是什么导致了你的国家和你的邻近国政治腐败程度的不同?

A government funds its own expenditure by taxing its population. Suppose, instead, it relied solely on money newly created by the central bank? What would be the advantages and/or disadvantages?

政府通过向国民征税来为自己的开支提供资金。假设，它们完全依赖于央行新发行的货币来提供资金支持会怎样？优势和/或劣势分别是什么?

In his thought experiment, the Iowa Car Crop, David Friedman tries to show that growing wheat is, in an important sense, just another 'technology' we can use for manufacturing cars, and in some circumstances a much more efficient one.

If international trade is thus a way of using less valuable inputs to produce more valuable outputs, why would governments impose trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas, thereby forcing producers to be more wasteful and less efficient?

大卫·弗里德曼在他的思想实验《爱荷华汽车作物》中试图表明，从重要意义上讲，种植小麦只是我们可以用来制造汽车的另一种“技术”，在某些情况下，这种技术的效率要高得多。

如果国际贸易是一种使用廉价投入来得到更有价值的产出的方式，那么政府为什么要设置关税和配额等贸易壁垒来迫使生产者增加浪费，降低效率呢?

What would happen if we banned billionaires?

如果我们禁止出现亿万富翁，会发生什么?

How much richer or poorer are the British today than they would have been without the effects of British colonialism? 

如果没有英国殖民主义的影响，今天的英国人会更加富裕或贫穷多少?

Which has a bigger effect on history: the plans of the powerful or their mistakes?

哪个对历史的影响更大:强权的计划还是他们犯过的错误?

Which characteristics distinguish successful movements for social change from unsuccessful ones?

哪些特征可以区分成功的社会变革运动和失败的社会变革运动?

Can happiness be measured?

幸福可以被衡量吗?

In surveys conducted in the United States, significantly more than half the respondents reported that they believed themselves to be more attractive than the median person in their country. How might we account for this?

在美国进行的调查中，超过一半的受访者表示，他们认为自己会超过他们国家的中位数水平。我们该如何解释这一点?

Are beliefs voluntary?

信仰是自愿的吗?

 What distinguishes a small religion from a large cult?

小的宗教和大的邪教有什么区别?

If you cannot persuade your intelligent, sympathetic friends to embrace your religious belief system, do you have enough reason to believe what you believe? 

如果你不能说服你聪明、富有同情心的朋友接受你的宗教信仰，你有足够的理由去相信你所相信的吗?

What was God doing before He created the cosmos?

上帝在创造宇宙之前在做什么?

Would justice be better served in the United States if more Supreme Court judges were women?

 如果更多的最高法院法官是女性，美国的司法会更好吗?

Suppose that you were contemplating, in violation of the rules of this competition, submitting an essay written for you by artificial intelligence. What would be the difference between such an act and ordinary attempted theft?

假设你正在考虑违反比赛规则提交一篇由人工智能写的文章。这种行为和普通的盗窃有区别吗?

Are there too many laws?

现在的法律是不是制定的太多了?

Is safety more important than fun?

安全比乐趣更重要吗?

 If you had $10 billion to spend on making the world better, how would you spend it?

如果你有100亿美元可以用来让世界变得更美好，你会怎么花?

 What, if anything, do your parents owe you?

你父母亏欠你什么吗?

What is something important, about which nearly everybody is wrong?

什么事情是很重要的，但几乎每个人都错了?

Why is John Locke sometimes called the father of liberalism?

为什么约翰·洛克有时被称为自由主义之父?